CSTS (Crew Space Transportation System) or ACTS (Advanced Crew Transportation System) was a human spaceflight system proposal.

It was originally a joint project between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian Space Agency (FKA), but is now solely an ESA project. It aims to design a spacecraft for low earth orbit operations such as servicing the International Space Station but also capable of exploration of the Moon and beyond. This study was conceived as a basic strategic plan to keep a viable European human space program alive when NASA officials announced the NASA's Vision for Space Exploration Orion spacecraft.

CSTS had completed an initial study phase, which lasted for 18 months from September 2006 to spring 2008, before the project was shut down before an ESA member state conference in November 2008. 

O/OREOS (Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses) is a nanosatellite of 5.5 kilogram, launched on November 19, 2010.

It is an automated laboratory that contains two separate experiments on board. It has been developed by the Small Spacecraft Division at NASA Ames Research Center, and successfully launched as a secondary payload on a Minotaur IV rocket from Kodiak Island, Alaska on November 19, 2010.

The O/OREOS satellite is NASA's first cubesat to demonstrate the capability to have two distinct, completely independent science experiments on an autonomous satellite. One experiment will test how microorganisms survive and adapt to the stresses of space; the other will monitor the stability of organic molecules in space.

Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) is a new synoptic facility for solar observations over a long time frame that is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and designed and built by the National Solar Observatory (NSO).

SOLIS will provide unique observations of the Sun on a continuing basis for several decades to understand the solar activity cycle, sudden energy releases in the solar atmosphere, and solar irradiance changes and their relationship to global change. 

SOLIS is composed of a single equatorial mount (right) carrying three telescopes. The first system is located on top of the Kitt Peak Vacuum Telescope building (left), and the NSO Long Range Plan calls for a global network of two more VSMs to enable continuous solar observations.

APCO Technologies is specialised in the design and manufacture of high quality mechanical and electromechanical equipment for the space, and nuclear industries. APCO Technologies is mainly project oriented and provides  solutions to customer's specific requirements.

APCO Technologies performs feasibility studies, thermal and mechanical analysis, detailed design, hardware development, as well as the manufacturing, integration and testing of the equipment it develops.

The Astronautical Society of India (ASI) was set up in 1990 to foster the development of astronautics in India.

ASI is engaged in the dissemination of technical and other information related to astronautics by conducting technical meetings, bringing out technical publications and organising exhibitions. The society is also playing an active role to promote the interests of other developing countries in the field of astronautics.

Mars One is a private spaceflight project to establish a permanent human colony on Mars.

Announced in June 2012, the plan is to send a communication satellite and path finder lander to the planet by 2016 and, after several stages, land four humans on Mars for permanent settlement in 2023. A new set of four astronauts would then arrive every two years. 

Mars One became a not for profit foundation (under Dutch law) in early October 2012.

The International Research School of Planetary Sciences (IRSPS) is a non-profit and independent institution devoted to research and graduate studies in the fields of planetary sciences and planetary geology.

Planetary research mainly deals with the sub-disciplines of geology, geochemistry, geophysics, petrology, and exobiology. However, the IRSPS is not limited to these subjects and it welcomes scientific contributions from any field of planetology. Also, the educational programs are not restricted to those fields and they will cover the entire spectrum of planetary disciplines by joint ventures and collaborations with other international institutions.

It is based in Pescara, Italy.

ATLAS Aeospace is a Russian company based in Moscow, providing training sessions for space flight.

ATLAS Aeospace proposes programs of space training such, as Zero-G flights, mastering skills for operations in outer space, extra-vehicular activity (EVA), survival training, aerobatics on board a combat aircraft, which give the trainees an idea about the stages of the forthcoming flight in real time-scale.

Ground-based complex space simulators enable to acquire knowledge in the field of space vehicle and space station control, to study the space suit design, its lay-out and operational procedures, to get the sense of a G-load, which cosmonauts are exposed to at the stage of the space vehicle insertion and de-orbiting.

Aeroflex Gaisler (ex Gaisler Research) is a Swedish company providing complete framework for the development of processor-based 'System-on-a-Chip' designs.

The key product is the LEON synthesizable processor model together with a full development environment and a library of IP cores (GRLIB). Our personnel have extended design experience, and have been involved in establishing European standards for ASIC and FPGA development. Aeroflex Gaisler has a long experience in the management of ASIC development projects, and in the design of flight quality microelectronic devices. The company specializes in digital hardware design (ASIC/FPGA) for both commercial and aerospace applications. We offer services and products in the following fields:

LEON is a 32-bit CPU microprocessor core, based on the SPARC-V8 RISC architecture and instruction set.

It was originally designed by the European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), part of the European Space Agency (ESA), and after that by Gaisler Research (now Aeroflex Gaisler). It is described in synthesizable VHDL.

LEON has a dual license model: A LGPL/GPL FLOSS license that can be used without licensing fee, or a proprietary license that can be purchased for integration in a proprietary product. The core is configurable through VHDL generics, and is used in system-on-a-chip (SOC) designs both in research and commercial settings.

ESA's Alphasat telecom satellite, the Proba-V microsatellite, the Earth-monitoring Sentinel family and the BepiColombo mission to Mercury are among the missions to use an advanced 32-bit microprocessor – engineered and built in Europe.

All of them incorporate the LEON2-FT chip, commercially known as the AT697. Engineered to operate within spacecraft computers, this microprocessor is manufactured by Atmel in France but originally designed by ESA.