A reaction wheel—one of the heaviest parts of a space mission, its changing rotation used to shift a satellite's orientation—seen in a plasma wind tunnel belonging to the High Enthalpy Flow Diagnostics Group (HEFDiG) at the University of Stuttgart Institute of Space Systems (IRS). Arc-heated gas in the test chamber reaches speeds of several kilometers per second, reproducing reentry conditions, while the reaction wheel itself is being rotated, reproducing the tumbling that takes place as a satellite plunges through the atmosphere.

The reaction wheel itself comes from Collins Aerospace in Germany, which has supported Design for Demise (D4D) activities for many years and introduced several modifications to their TELDIX reaction wheel, making it more likely to come apart during satellite reentry in support of demisability.

This clip was presented during this year's Space Mechanisms Workshop at ESA's ESTEC technical center in the Netherlands and focused on current and future requirements and guidelines to reduce the risk from orbital debris, including ESA's Zero Debris Charter. The event was attended by more than 130 space mechanisms specialists from European industry and academia.

Defeating dust may be a small concern for most people on Earth, but for astronauts and spacecraft destined for the moon or Mars, it is a significant hazard that must be mitigated.