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Towards zero-debris CubeSats

Wednesday, 05 June 2024 08:00
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The growing problem of space debris

In the past few years CubeSats revolutionised space applications in low Earth orbit, levelling the playfield and opening space to commercialisation, especially for smaller and medium companies. While their benefits are undeniable, a significant drawback is their potential to generate additional space debris. As the requirements for orbital lifetime and sustainability become more demanding, new challenges will arise for CubeSats. ESA is looking for innovative ideas to make the versatile satellites more sustainable.

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Mission complete for ESA's OPS-SAT flying laboratory
A collage of images taken by the camera onboard ESA's former OPS-SAT mission. Credit: European Space Agency

Launched on 18 December 2019, OPS-SAT was tasked with opening up the world of spacecraft operations to the widest possible audience. Its founding principle was to provide a fast, no-charge, non-bureaucratic experiment service for European and Canadian industry and academia.

It brought experimenters from companies, universities and public institutions across Europe and beyond into the heart of ESA's ESOC control center and helped them prove that their new ideas were up to the challenge of flying in orbit.

Flying ESA's most capable and flexible onboard computer, OPS-SAT showed us what future satellites will be capable of as they begin to carry more advanced equipment.

An in-orbit laboratory open to all

OPS-SAT was the first fully ESA-owned and operated CubeSat. A small, low-cost, innovative and open mission was unusual for ESA mission control, which typically flies Europe's largest and most complex spacecraft around Earth and across the solar system.

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space
Credit: Edvin Richardson from Pexels

A pair of NASA astronauts will try again on Wednesday morning to take a ride on Boeing's CST-100 Starliner, making its first-ever human spaceflight.

Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams have already suited up and climbed on board the spacecraft twice in the last month, but will try for a third time with a launch attempt set for 10:52 a.m. atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station's Space Launch Complex 41.

Space Launch Delta 45's weather squadron forecasts a 90% chance for good conditions.

The most recent attempt on Saturday came within four minutes of liftoff, but an issue with ULA's computer system at the forced the scrub.

"The disappointment lasts for about three seconds," said ULA President and CEO Tory Bruno after the scrub. "We've been at this a long time and you just immediately get busy and do your job, and we'll be back."

Teams have since replaced the launch computer hardware, setting up the latest attempt. A May 6 attempt was scrubbed because of a fluttering valve on the ULA rocket's upper Centaur stage, also since replaced, while Boeing and NASA had to sign off on the safety of a small helium leak on Starliner's propulsion module that they ultimately decided not to fix.

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First metal 3D printing on ISS
Credit: ESA/Airbus

One small s-curve deposited in liquefied stainless steel equals a giant leap forward for in-orbit manufacturing: This is the very first metal 3D printing aboard the International Space Station, which took place last Thursday, aboard ESA's Columbus laboratory module.

"This S-curve is a test line, successfully concluding the commissioning of our Metal 3D Printer," explains ESA technical officer Rob Postema.

"The success of this first print, along with other reference lines, leaves us ready to print full parts in the near future. We've reached this point thanks to the hard efforts of the industrial team led by Airbus Defense and Space SAS, the CADMOS User Support Center in France, from which print operations are overseen from the ground, as well as our own ESA team."

Sébastien Girault, part of the team at consortium leader Airbus adds, "We're very happy to have performed the very first metal 3D printing aboard the ISS—the quality is as good as we could dream."

The Metal 3D Printer technology demonstrator has been developed by an industrial team led by Airbus under contract to ESA's Directorate of Human and Robotic Exploration.

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Space race heats up: advanced electronics cooling systems for spacecraft
Schematic of the thermal environment for electronics in spacecraft. Credit: Energy Storage and Saving (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.enss.2024.03.001

Spacecraft electronics operate under extreme conditions, facing issues like microgravity, thermal cycling, and space radiation. These factors necessitate robust thermal management solutions to maintain the functionality and longevity of onboard equipment.

Traditional thermal control methods often fall short in addressing these challenges. Based on these challenges, there is a need to conduct in-depth research on advanced thermal management technologies to ensure the stability and efficiency of space missions.

A comprehensive review by researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong University and the Xi'an Institute of Space Radio Technology, published in Energy Storage and Saving on March 28, 2024, delves into advanced thermal management technologies for spacecraft electronics. The study categorizes these technologies based on heat transfer processes, including heat acquisition, transport, and rejection.

The review evaluates thermal management technologies (TMTs) for spacecraft electronics, focusing on heat acquisition, transport, and rejection.

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Maine company plans to launch small satellites starting in 2025
BluShift Aerospace prepares a test launch, Jan. 31, 2021, at the former Loring Air Force Base in Limestone, Maine. Currently the company is working toward its next suborbital launch and plans to expand into the orbital and small satellite services markets in the future. Credit: Lindsay Becker/bluShift Aerospace via AP

Representatives for a Maine company that plans to send small satellites into space from the Northeast's most rural state said they will start launches next year.

Brunswick-based bluShift Aerospace hopes to turn Maine into a hub for the launching of commercial nanosatellites and has been making progress toward that goal for more than three years.

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Beijing (AFP) June 4, 2024
A Chinese probe carrying samples from the far side of the Moon started its journey back to Earth on Tuesday, the country's space agency said - a world first and a major achievement for Beijing's space programme. The ascender module of the Chang'e-6 probe "lifted off from lunar surface" and entered a preset orbit around the Moon, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) said. It wa
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Boston MA (SPX) May 26, 2024
The scorching surface of Venus, where temperatures can climb to 480 degrees Celsius (hot enough to melt lead), is an inhospitable place for humans and machines alike. One reason scientists have not yet been able to send a rover to the planet's surface is because silicon-based electronics can't operate in such extreme temperatures for an extended period of time. For high-temperature applica
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Dubai (AFP) June 3, 2024
Airlines may not be replacing pilots with artificial intelligence anytime soon, but aviation industry experts say the new technology is already revolutionising the way they do business. "Data and AI are fantastic levers for the aviation sector," said Julie Pozzi, the head of data science and AI at Air France-KLM, ahead of the 80th meeting of the International Air Transport Association (IATA)
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Sydney, Australia (SPX) Jun 04, 2024
New research led by Curtin University indicates that fresh water appeared on Earth about four billion years ago, which is 500 million years earlier than previously believed. Dr. Hamed Gamaleldien, Adjunct Research Fellow at Curtin's School of Earth and Planetary Sciences and an Assistant Professor at Khalifa University, UAE, stated that by examining ancient crystals from the Jack Hills in
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Los Angeles CA (SPX) May 30, 2024
Electra.aero, Inc. (Electra), a next-gen aerospace company, announced it has successfully completed high-performance ultra-short flight operations of its piloted blown-lift hybrid-electric short takeoff and landing (eSTOL) demonstrator aircraft (EL-2 Goldfinch). "Today's milestone is an incredible achievement as we've proven that our eSTOL aircraft has the capability to do what we said it
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