The experiments, conducted near Flagstaff, Arizona, and Tulelake, California, used terrain with geologic features similar to those of planetary lava fields. By hitting a metal plate on the surface, the team generated seismic vibrations, then measured how those waves bounced back from underground structures. The approach mimics a medical CT scan, revealing hidden voids beneath the ground.

Researchers advanced along a 420-foot (125-meter) survey line, striking the plate every 3.3 feet (1 meter) over known lava tubes and caves created by ancient volcanic activity. The results confirmed the method can identify subsurface caverns, which scientists consider promising candidates for future off-world shelters.

Lava tubes on the Moon and Mars formed billions of years ago during more active geologic periods. Their thick rock ceilings could shield explorers from radiation, micrometeoroid impacts, and dramatic temperature swings. Such protection would be essential for safe long-term habitation and research facilities.

Although the proof-of-concept relied on a hand-held hammer, the researchers suggest mechanical devices could replace human labor in space. A machine capable of dropping or firing heavy weights at high speed could extend the technique's reach, mapping deeper structures beneath alien terrain.

The study is part of the GEODES (Geophysical Exploration Of Dynamic Environments in the Solar system) project, a NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute effort designed to support planetary missions, including Artemis expeditions to the Moon.

Research Report:Enhanced Seismic Backscattering for Lava Tube Detection

Related Links
GEODES project
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