One of the biggest advantages of VR is how easily it can be adapted to different training needs. Trainers can simulate complex or dangerous environments, as well as objects too large to be physically present at LUNA – such as SpaceX’s Starship spacecraft system, the NASA-selected lunar lander for the Artemis III mission. VR also enables practice in scenarios where there’s no clear sense of direction, like working in microgravity or assembling structures in unconventional orientations.

At the heart of these efforts is ESA’s Software and AI (artificial intelligence) division, which includes the XR Lab at EAC. “Extended reality lets us overcome many of the limitations of Earth-based training environments,” says Lionel Ferra, who leads the team. “At LUNA, we’re creating spaces where crews can prepare for the challenges of the Moon by testing equipment, refining procedures and training under truly mission-like conditions.”