Based on modules from ESA’s basic astronaut training, they received an introduction to ESA and its programmes, the ISS programme, and the European space industry and institutions. Media training was also part of the curriculum, preparing them for public engagement.

Other key areas included human behaviour and performance, which covered how astronauts interact, communicate, and work in teams as crucial skills for life on the Space Station. In addition, Meganne, Anthea, John and Carmen participated in physical fitness routines.

The second group also received scientific training, which included biology courses and laboratory techniques, equipping them with the knowledge required to conduct experiments in space. Space-related biology and radiation lessons explored how space conditions affect human health, while the astrobiology module studied how microorganisms and biological materials survive in space.

A highlight of their training was the spacewalk familiarisation, held at ESA’s Neutral Buoyancy Facility. There, Meganne, Anthea, John and Carmen practised scuba diving to simulate the microgravity environment of space. This hands-on experience gave them insight into tasks such as performing repairs or installing equipment.

Survival training was another crucial part of their training. The group undertook a winter survival training, learning essential skills such as fire-making, shelter-building, and managing cold-related injuries. These exercises were designed to prepare them for potential emergency situations in case their spacecraft would land in remote locations, such as unplanned spacecraft landings.