Notably, Williams set a new milestone by surpassing former NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson's record for cumulative spacewalking time by a female astronaut. With a total of 62 hours and 6 minutes of EVA time, Williams now ranks fourth on NASA's all-time list.

The astronauts completed all planned objectives, including the removal of a radio frequency group antenna assembly from the station's truss and the collection of surface material samples from the Destiny laboratory module and the Quest airlock. These samples will be analyzed to determine if microorganisms can survive on the exterior of the orbital complex.

Leading up to the spacewalk, the Expedition 72 crew diligently prepared for the mission. On Jan. 29, Williams and Wilmore reviewed procedures, conducted spacesuit checks, and collaborated with NASA Flight Engineers Nick Hague and Don Pettit in a simulated practice session for Canadarm2 robotic arm operations. This preparation ensured the successful removal of the communications hardware and facilitated microbial sample collection from external surfaces of the station.

As the two astronauts finalized their spacewalk plans, the remaining crew members continued regular operations aboard the station. Hague worked in the Kibo laboratory module, preparing the Astrobee robotic free flyers for testing their real-time video and imagery downlink capabilities to mission controllers.

Pettit focused on space gardening, installing research equipment to explore how microgravity and ultraviolet radiation influence plant growth. The study aims to provide insights for future spacefarers to cultivate crops aboard spacecraft during extended missions.

Meanwhile, cosmonauts in the Roscosmos segment concentrated on Earth observations and system upgrades. Flight Engineer Aleksandr Gorbunov used a spectrometer-equipped camera to photograph Mediterranean landmarks such as Libya and Greece in multiple wavelengths.

Simultaneously, Flight Engineers Alexey Ovchinin and Ivan Vagner installed new command and telemetry hardware in the Zvezda service module, enhancing communication between Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, ground stations, and orbiting satellites.

With the successful conclusion of the spacewalk, Williams and Wilmore contributed significantly to the ongoing scientific and maintenance endeavors aboard the ISS. Their efforts in hardware removal and biological sample collection will advance future research on microbial survivability in space while maintaining the station's critical communication infrastructure.

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