The Lijiang branch of the CAS Yunnan Observatories detected asteroid 2024 XA1 at 13:55 Beijing time on December 3 using its advanced 2.4-meter telescope. Hours later, at approximately 00:14 on December 4, the asteroid entered Earth's atmosphere above eastern Siberia, producing a dramatic fireball as it burned up. The time elapsed from detection to atmospheric entry was under 12 hours, noted Zhang Xiliang, a researcher at the Lijiang observatory.

Zhang emphasized the critical nature of early warning systems for near-Earth asteroids, which pose significant risks upon impact. "The achievement made this time will provide solid scientific support for China's efforts on early warning and defense against near-Earth asteroids," he stated.

The Lijiang observatory is strategically located at a low latitude and over 3,200 meters above sea level, making it one of China's premier sites for astronomical observations.

Six hours before the asteroid's projected atmospheric entry, the research team devised an observation strategy tailored to the asteroid's trajectory and speed. Employing a "wait and see" approach, they positioned the telescope for maximum precision and successfully captured images during the final hour before the asteroid's descent.

The observatory's 2.4-meter telescope, the largest of its kind in East Asia, is uniquely equipped to track and observe fast-moving celestial objects like near-Earth asteroids with high accuracy, underscoring its importance in planetary defense research.

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