Rovers have initially scoped Martian terrains, setting the stage for human researchers who are better suited for complex tasks. The necessity for fresh food on Mars underscores the importance of in situ bioregenerative food systems, which offer significant advantages in nutrient retention over traditional pre-packaged astronaut meals. Fresh foods, particularly those rich in vitamins and antioxidants, which degrade in dehydrated foods, are essential for maintaining health in harsh conditions. Additionally, engaging in gardening has been recognized as a beneficial activity for mental health during extended space missions, providing relief from stress and enhancing psychological well-being.

This study explored the feasibility of soil-based food production in Martian conditions using an intercropping system with pea, carrot, and tomato. The experiment involved different soil types, including Mars regolith simulant, and assessed factors such as biomass, yield, and nutrient content. While intercropping showed potential advantages, challenges like the absence of necessary bacterial nodulation in Mars regolith highlighted the complexities of Martian agriculture. Intercropping was beneficial for tomatoes but less so for peas and carrots in the Martian simulant due to harsh soil conditions that hinder bacterial survival and function.

In lighter, more favorable soil conditions like sand, intercropping significantly exceeded the performance of monocropping. This finding suggests that with adjustments to enhance Martian soil conditions for bacterial nodulation, intercropping could become a viable strategy for efficient and sustainable agriculture on Mars.

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