Sitting atop a desert mountain in northern Chile at an altitude of 5,640 meters, the University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO) emerges as the world's highest astronomical observatory, offering unparalleled capabilities alongside unique challenges.

Throughout history, astronomers have pushed boundaries to gain clearer views of the cosmos. From the invention of lenses for telescopes centuries ago to the deployment of massive optical and radio telescopes and even space-based observatories like the James Webb Space Telescope, humanity's quest for understanding the universe knows no bounds. Now, funded in part by the Japanese government, the University of Tokyo unveils another milestone in astronomical observation.

After 26 years of meticulous planning and construction, TAO stands ready to peer into the depths of space. Officially recognized as the highest observatory globally, it has been honored with a Guinness World Record for its remarkable feat. Nestled in Chile's Atacama Desert, TAO neighbors another renowned observatory, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) radio telescope, frequently utilized by Japanese astronomers. But why the need for such extreme altitude, and what advantages and challenges does it entail?

Emeritus Professor Yuzuru Yoshii, the principal investigator behind the TAO project since 1998, explains, "I'm seeking to elucidate mysteries of the universe, such as dark energy and primordial first stars. For this, you need to view the sky in a way that only TAO makes possible. At an altitude of 5,640 meters, there's little moisture in the atmosphere to impact its infrared sight. Construction on the summit of Cerro Chajnantor was an incredible challenge, not just technically, but politically too."

The remarkable altitude of TAO presents significant challenges for human presence. Altitude sickness poses a risk, particularly at night, making it hazardous for astronomers to work there. Yet, the benefits are promising.

Professor Takashi Miyata, director of the Atacama Observatory of the Institute of Astronomy, highlights, "Thanks to the height and arid environment, TAO will be the only ground-based telescope in the world capable of clearly viewing mid-infrared wavelengths. This area of the spectrum is extremely good for studying the environments around stars, including planet-forming regions."

TAO's privileged instruments offer a broad range of astronomical research opportunities. With its unique capabilities, it promises to advance our understanding of fundamental structures within the universe.

Assistant Professor Masahiro Konishi remarks, "New telescopes and instruments naturally help advance astronomy. I hope the next generation of astronomers use TAO and other ground-based, and space-based telescopes, to make unexpected discoveries that challenge our current understanding and explain the unexplained."

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