Creeping ice clouding vision of Europe space telescope Euclid

Written by Copernical Team Tuesday, 19 March 2024 12:51

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Stars sparkle in one of the first images taken by Euclid -- but ice is clouding the space telescope's vision.

Scientists are trying to melt a thin layer of ice that is increasingly clouding the vision of the "dark universe detective" space telescope Euclid, the European Space Agency said on Tuesday.

It is the latest of several technical setbacks for the wide-eyed telescope, which blasted off into space in July on a mission to chart a third of the sky.

By doing so, the ESA hopes Euclid will reveal out more about the nature of dark matter and dark energy, which are thought to make up 95 percent of the universe but remain shrouded in mystery.

During checks in November, the team on the ground first noticed that they were losing a little light coming into the telescope's visible light imager, Euclid instrument operations scientist Ralf Kohley told AFP.

After digging into the data, they believe the problem is a layer of ice—thought to be just the width of a strand of DNA—that is building up on the telescope's optical surfaces.

"It's a big problem," Kohley acknowledged.

But researchers have been working on it, Kohley said, adding that he had no doubt Euclid would be able to finish its mission.

Keeping out water is a common problem for all spacecraft.

Despite best efforts on the ground, a tiny amount of water absorbed during a spacecraft's assembly on Earth can smuggle its way to space.

Faced with the cold vastness of space, the water molecules freeze to the first surface they can—in this case, some may have landed on the Euclid's mirrors.

One of the first images released from Euclid, which depicts the Horsehead Nebula.

Thin ice

Shortly after the telescope launched, scientists used its on-board heaters to heat up everything on the spacecraft, hoping to blast out any potential water.

This could be done again.

"But heating out everything is very disruptive for the mission," Kohley said.

Because heat expands most materials, warming up the whole spacecraft involves careful recalibration.

It would take at least a month to get the telescope back to its job surveying the sky, Kohley said.

So last week, the ESA started warming just two of the telescope's mirrors, turning the temperature up just enough to hopefully melt away the ice.

This "minimally invasive" partial warming will last until Thursday, Kohley said.

The scientists may not know if it works until mid-April.

Part of the problem is that the scientists do not know exactly where the ice is accumulating—or how much there is.

Ice clouds observations by Europe Euclid telescope — Fact file on the European space telescope Euclid, whose optical instruments are affected by a think layer of ice.

And even if the scientists do manage to melt the ice, it could come back over time, Kohley warned.

If the partial warming plan fails, the ESA will have to heat up the whole spacecraft.

If the team have to do this every year during the telescope's planned-six year mission it could result in a six-month delay, Kohley said.

"But that's all speculation," he said.

"For the moment, we have to wait and see—and hope we can rid of this problem in a more elegant fashion."

It is not the first problem for Euclid.

Cosmic rays previously confused the spacecraft's fine guidance sensor, which required a complicated software update.

Some unwanted sunlight also interfered with its observations, a problem solved by slightly rotating the telescope, Kohley said.

However nothing can be done about particularly strong solar flares occasionally projecting X-ray images on the visible imager.

The Euclid spacecraft seen in France before it was launched last year.

Euclid, which the ESA calls its "dark universe detective," officially started its survey last month.

Its first images, released in November, revealed swirling galaxies bursting with color in the distant cosmos.

Citation: Creeping ice clouding vision of Europe space telescope Euclid (2024, March 19) retrieved 19 March 2024 from https://phys.org/news/2024-03-ice-clouding-vision-europe-space.html

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