The call was answered no less than 69 times. Of those, a total of 23 ideas have been implemented – based on an evaluation by a panel of ESA experts, who scored the ideas on their novelty.

“This initial call has been an effective investment from our point of view,” notes Advenit, “It has opened up multiple promising tracks for follow-up investigation.”

Read more about ESA's Terrae Novae exploration programme, leading Europe’s human journey into the Solar System, focused on the destinations of low-Earth orbit, the Moon and Mars.