Ubiquitous and high-performance PNT for CCAM – For the highest level automated driving functions, PNT will need to be available on a ubiquitous basis to a precision of less than 10 cm. Today’s satnav is not able to meet such stringent requirements but will need to be combined with many other solutions, such as 5G-based technology, onboard sensors and smart roads, with vehicles continuously exchanging positioning data with each other and their surrounding infrastructure.

Perception 360 for CCAM – For full situational awareness of their surroundings, connected, cooperative and automated vehicles must acquire and merge data from a wide variety of sources, such as cameras, lidar, radar and speed detection systems. An important task is the detection of moving objects, for instance to differentiate a parked motorcycle from a moving bicycle, made more difficult by the fact the host vehicle is itself in motion. Artificial intelligence and machine learning will play an important role in such real-time tasks, including achieving a 360 degree bird’s eye view of the vehicle and its surroundings.