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The vehicle, built at Virgin Galactic’s facility in Mojave, California, is ready for ground tests there, with a flight test program at Spaceport America in New Mexico slated to begin this summer.
The vehicle looks similar to the company’s SpaceShipTwo vehicle, VSS Unity, other than a new livery. The vehicle is wrapped in a silvery film that the company said in a statement provides thermal protection as well as being “naturally appealing to the human eye, reflecting our inherent human fascination with space and the transformative experience of spaceflight.”
“To the outside eye, it doesn’t look any different,” Mike Moses, president of space missions and safety at Virgin Galactic, said in an interview. “It really is the third evolution of the build. This one was built much, much differently.”
Moses said the most significant change is in the structure of the vehicle. Engineers took the design of SpaceShipTwo and adjusted the structure to make it “more efficient and more elegant,” which reduces the weight of the vehicle and also makes it easier to inspect and maintain.
Virgin Galactic also switched to a more modular approach for building Spaceship III. With SpaceShipTwo, the company built up the vehicle in a single cradle, starting with the wings and then adding the cabin and other components. “It made it serial and very much limited the number of people who could work on the ship at any one time,” he said.
With Spaceship III, different components of the vehicle can be built in parallel and then assembled into the final vehicle. “From that standpoint, you get a much faster build and a much more efficient build,” he said. That approach also improves maintenance, he added.
Those design improvements reduced the weight of the vehicle, which will increase its payload capacity. SpaceShipTwo was designed to carry six people in addition to its two pilots, but because of added weight, including additional instrumentation needed for its flight test program, VSS Unity can carry only four people. Moses said Spaceship III will be able to carry six people.
The flight test program for Spaceship III will begin with its captive carry flight on the WhiteKnightTwo aircraft, or “mothership,” from Mojave to Spaceport America. “The mothership lets us have a flying wind tunnel, so we’ll be able to test all the flight control systems and basic aerodynamics,” he said. “We can go up high and cold soak, and see how systems respond to temperature changes.”
Once at Spaceport America, VSS Imagine will go through a series of glide and powered test flights similar to previous vehicles. Moses said the company plans a “handful” of glide flights, particular to test the vibration or “flutter” of the structure and compare it to SpaceShipTwo, followed by rocket-powered flights.
“We’re basically thinking of a pretty short program” of test flights, he said. “Certainly not the same as what Unity went through.”
VSS Unity has been grounded since an aborted powered test flight in December that was blamed on electromagnetic inference affecting the vehicle’s computer system. In a Feb. 25 earnings call, the company said it was modifying the flight control computer to remove the interference, pushing back the next test flight to May.
That work is going well, Moses said. “We’ve tested them out on the bench. They’re working really good showing great promise. We’re installing them in the ship right now and testing them,” he said of the revised electronics. “We still look like we’re on track for a May flight with Unity.” He declined, though, to be more specific about when in May that flight will take place.
A second Spaceship III, called VSS Inspire, is being built in Mojave. Moses said the company is still studying whether to build a third Spaceship III or move ahead to a next-generation “Delta-class” vehicle the company announced in its February earnings call.
“We’re going to make another big step change” with the Delta class, he said, with additional improvements to streamline manufacturing to reduce the cost and time needed to build the vehicle. Work on the Delta class is just starting, he noted. “We want to make sure we invest enough into the engineering and the factor to make sure we see a step increase.”
Virgin Galactic is also beginning studies of additional motherships to join the single WhiteKnightTwo, VMS Eve. The new motherships will look similar to WhiteKnightTwo but incorporate design improvements.
The company is looking at potential industry partnerships, particularly for building additional aircraft. “The one advantage on the mothership is that it’s much more airplane-like and so there is capacity in the aerospace industry to help us there,” he said. “So, we’re going to look at partnerships there to help us build those ships faster and more efficiently for us.”