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International astronomy group joins calls for a lunar clock to keep time on the moon
An image of the moon is projected at the Iziko Planetarium in Cape Town, South Africa, Tuesday, Aug. 13, 2024 as part of the World Astronomy Conference. Credit: AP Photo/Nardus Engelbrecht

Time moves a tad faster on the moon. Now an international group of astronomers has joined calls to give the moon its own clock so that future space missions can keep track of minutes on the celestial body.

The International Astronomical Union voted Thursday encouraging space organizations across the globe to collaborate on a timekeeping standard for the moon, where one day lasts 29.5 Earth days.

"That's the crux of our resolution: to work together to establish this standard time," U.S. Naval Observatory's Susan Stewart said this week at the group's conference in Cape Town, South Africa.

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August's supermoon kicks off four months of lunar spectacles. Here's how to watch
The moon rises through clouds over the skyline of lower Manhattan in this view from West Orange, N.J., Tuesday, Aug. 1, 2023, during a supermoon period. Credit: AP Photo/Seth Wenig, File

The first of four supermoons this year rises next week, providing tantalizing views of Earth's constant companion.

Stargazers can catch the first act Monday as the inches a little closer than usual, making it appear slightly bigger and brighter in the .

"I like to think of the supermoon as a good excuse to start looking at the moon more regularly," said Noah Petro, project scientist for NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.

August's supermoon kicks off a string of lunar spectacles. September's supermoon will coincide with a partial lunar eclipse.

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Researchers developed a test bed for separating valuable material on the moon
Image of the test bed machine. Credit: Frontiers in Space Technologies (2024). DOI: 10.3389/frspt.2023.1328341

It's often better to flesh out technologies fully on Earth's surface before they're used in space. That is doubly true if that technology is part of the critical infrastructure keeping astronauts alive on the moon.

Since that infrastructure will undoubtedly use in-situ resources—known as in-situ resource utilization (ISRU)—developing test beds here on Earth for those ISRU processes is critical to derisking the technologies before they're used on a mission.

That's the plan for a test bed designed by researchers at the German Aerospace Center in Bremen—they designed it to improve how well we gather water and oxygen from . Unfortunately, as their work described in a recent paper published in Frontiers in Space Technologies demonstrates, it will be a challenge to do so.

Water and oxygen are two critical components of any long-term lunar exploration plan.

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New Zealand's space sector has been developing rapidly since the first rocket lifted off in 2017. It now contributes about NZ$1.7 billion in revenue, with plans to grow to $10 billion by 2030.

Last year, New Zealand hosted seven , all by the US-listed but local company Rocket Lab. It was in response to Rocket Lab's initial proposal for a launch site that New Zealand developed a regulatory system from scratch in less than two years to meet obligations under international law.

All launch nations have to register every object they send into space, and continue to supervise those objects to ensure no damage or loss occurs to another country's objects or activities. They also have a responsibility to compensate for any harm.

As well, countries must prevent contamination of outer space and Earth's environment, and ensure space activity does not interfere with other countries' rights to free access and participation.

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