A researcher at the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) is the lead author of a study with proposals for 'technosignatures'—evidence for the use of technology or industrial activity in other parts of the Universe—for future NASA missions. The article, published in the specialized journal Acta Astronautica, contains the initial conclusions of a meeting of experts in the search for intelligent extraterrestrial life, sponsored by the space agency to gather advice about this topic.

In the article, several ideas are presented to search for technosignatures that would indicate the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations, from the most humdrum, such as the presence of industrial pollution in the atmosphere or large swarms of satellites, to hypothetical gigantic space engineering work, such as heat shields to fend off climate change, or Dyson spheres for optimum use of the light from the local star.

It sounds like science fiction, but building an enormous tower several kilometers high on the lunar surface may be the best way to harness solar energy for long-term lunar exploration. Such towers would raise solar panels above obstructing geological features on the lunar surface, and expand the surface area available for power generation.

A successful future moon base of any size is going to require two key resources: water and power. Ever since evidence of frozen water ice was discovered in the depths of permanently shadowed craters near the moon's South Pole, the polar region has become NASA's primary target for future moon landings. Water can be used for drinking, of course, and growing plants, but also as rocket fuel or separated out at the molecular level to make breathable oxygen. But while the moon's water is found deep in the crater basins, power generation will likely come from high up, above the crater rims, where 'peaks of eternal light' are known to exist. These peaks almost never experience shadow, and would be ideal locations to place solar cells to power water-extraction activities on the moon.