FAST 20XX (Future high-Altitude high-Speed Transport 20XX) is a European Space Agency (ESA) program to develop the necessary technologies for a hypersonic suborbital spaceplane. Funding for the program was established under the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme.

The FAST 20XX program is intended to provide a technological foundation for the industrial introduction of advanced hypersonic suborbital spaceplanes in the medium to longer term. No detailed vehicle design is planned under the program in its current form, with work instead focusing on mastering the technologies required for the development of such designs. Once the needed technologies are identified, researchers plan to develop the dedicated analytical, numerical and experimental tools needed to investigate them. The project will also look at the legal and regulatory issues related to suborbital flight in consultation with government and international authorities.

Two concepts will be focused on under the program:

• the ALPHA, is based on SpaceShipOne, which won the Ansari X-Prize in 2003. A key aspect of the design is the need for a carrier plane to launch the suborbital vessel.
  
  
• The SpaceLiner is a concept of the DLR (German Aerospace Center). The SpaceLiner is an all–rocket-propelled vehicle intended to achieve a step change in ultra-fast long-haul passenger and freight transport, with the intended ability to transport 50 passengers from Australia to Europe in 90 minutes.

The SpaceLiner is a hypersonic suborbital spaceplane concept initiated by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in 2005 and supported by the EU under the European Space Agency's (ESA) FAST 20XX program since December 2009.

The SpaceLiner is designed to be a reusable vehicle consisting of two stages: the booster and the space-plane itself. Both stages are propelled by LOx/LH2 rocket engines. The SpaceLiner lift-off is vertical (much like the Space Shuttle), powered by the combined thrust of the booster and the space-plane rocket engines. After the booster separation and engine cut-off, the space-plane behaves like a glider, skipping along the high layers of the atmosphere and ostensibly allowing for ultra-fast point-to-point travel. The SpaceLiner is designed to transport 50 passengers from Australia to Europe in 90 minutes or 100 passengers from Europe to California in 60 minutes.

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PROBA (Project for On-Board Autonomy) is a family of small Earth observation satellites, part of the ESA's MicroSat program.

Proba-1 was launched by ISRO in 2001. It is a technology demonstrator turned operational Earth observation mission - ESA's smallest, less than a cubic metre in volume. Proba-1's main instrument is the Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS), acquiring 13 square km scenes at 17 m spatial resolution in 18 user-selected visible and near-infrared wavelengths. This agile satellite can also deliver up to five different viewing angles. Nearly 20,000 environmental science images have been acquired. This small boxlike system (40×60×80 cm; 95 kg), with solar panel collectors on its surface, has remarkable image-making qualities. It hosts two Earth Observation instruments (dubbed CHRIS and HRC). It is a hyperspectral system (200 narrow bands) that image at 30 m, plus three in the visible that have 15 m resolution.

Proba-2, the second satellite in the Proba-series, has been launched on November 2, 2009, together with the SMOS mission. Proba 2 is a 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.8 meter, box-shaped structure weighing 130 kg with two deployable solar panels. It has a total of four instruments; two complementary solar observation instruments dubbed SWAP and LYRA, and two plasma measurement instruments dubbed TPMU and DSLP.

Further planned satellites in the Proba series are the formation flight Proba-3 and Proba-V (Proba Vegetation). They are on-going developments without defined launch dates.

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The Tanegashima Space Center (TNSC) is one of Japan's space development facilities.

It is located on Tanegashima (Japan), an island located 115 km south of Kyūshū. It was established in 1969 when the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) was formed. It is now run by JAXA.
The activities that take place at TNSC include assembly, testing, launching and tracking of satellites, as well as rocket engine firing tests. It is Japan's largest space development center.

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a joint space mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) designed to monitor and study tropical rainfall.

The term refers to both the mission itself and the satellite that the mission uses to collect data. TRMM is part of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth, a long-term, coordinated research effort to study the Earth as a global system.

The satellite was launched on November 27, 1997 from the Tanegashima Space Center in Tanegashima, Japan.

The Virginia Space Grant Consortium (VSGC) is a coalition of five Virginia colleges and universities, NASA, state educational agencies, Virginia's Center for Innovative Technology, and other institutions representing diverse aerospace education and research.

The VSGC acts as an umbrella organization, coordinating and developing aerospace-related and high technology educational and research efforts throughout the Commonwealth and connecting Virginia's effort to a national community of shared aerospace interests.

It is part of the American National Space Grant Colleges.

The Astrophysics Data System (ADS), developed by NASA, is an online database of over eight million astronomy and physics papers from both peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed sources.

Abstracts are available free online for almost all articles, and full scanned articles are available in Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) and Portable Document Format (PDF) for older articles. New articles have links to electronic versions hosted at the journal's webpage, but these are typically available only by subscription (which most astronomy research facilities have). It is managed by the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

The Astrophysics Source Code Library (ASCL) is a free on-line registry for source codes of interest to astronomers and astrophysicists, and lists codes which have been used in research that has appeared in, or been submitted to, peer-reviewed publications. ASCL entries are indexed by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS).

Much of scientific progress now hinges on the reliability, falsifiability and reproducibility of computer source codes. Astrophysics in particular is a discipline that today leads other sciences in making useful scientific components freely available online, including data, abstracts, preprints, and fully published papers, yet even today many astrophysics source codes remain hidden from public view.

The Astrophysics Source Code Library (ASCL), founded in 1999 by Robert Nemiroff and John Wallin, takes an active approach to sharing astrophysical source code. ASCL's editors seek out both new and old peer-reviewed papers that describe methods or experiments that involve the development or use of source code, and add entries for the found codes to the library. This approach ensures that source codes are added without requiring authors to actively submit them, resulting in a comprehensive listing that covers a significant number of the astrophysics source codes used in peer-reviewed studies.

The ASCL established an advisory committee in 2011 to provide input and guide its development and expansion. ASCL source codes have been used to generate results published in or submitted to a refereed journal and are available for examination via a download site.

The ASCL is indexed by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) and Web of Science's Data Citation Index, and is citable by using the unique ascl number assigned to each code. The ascl number can be used to link to the code entry by prefacing the number with ascl.net (i.e., ascl.net/1201.001).

You can follow the ASCL on our blog, our low-volume Facebook page, on Twitter, or by becoming a member of the ASCL forum and subscribing to it.